The majority of Sierra Leoneans consume rice as their primary staple food every day. The most significant staple crop worldwide and in Sierra Leone is rice (Oryzae sativa L.), which provides nourishment for about half of the world's population. The goal of this research is to quantify post-harvest losses in rice processing at agriculture business centers (ABCs). The research experiment was carried out at eight selected functioning Agriculture Business Centers (ABCs) in eight districts across Sierra Leone. An assessment was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and farmers’ awareness of post-harvest losses from harvesting to milling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from two hundred and thirty-two (232) rice farmers who were selected through a combination of multi-stage, purposive, and simple random sampling techniques. Yemen's (1967) scientific formula was adopted in selecting the sample size. Data analysis was undertaken using descriptive statistical tools for a phased estimation of postharvest losses. The study areas were found to be dominated by females; only 84 (36%) were males. The data showed that 92 (39.7%) of the farmers had no formal education in the research areas; the majority (63%) of the rice farmers cultivated between 1 and 3 hectares; and 98 (42.2%) had farming experience between 10 and 14 years. According to the findings, the majority of respondents (80%) believe that postharvest losses are excessive. From the results, threshing losses account for the peak of 26%, which is 0.26 kg; 92.7 percent of the respondents revealed that a lack of harvesting equipment is the main challenge; and 41.8 percent of the respondents have a strong belief that the problems of postharvest losses of rice can be significantly reduced through mechanization. The results revealed that drying losses vary significantly between parboiling methods. The values obtained for milling are different for both, but they are not significant. The values obtained from the grain quality parameters (head grain, fissuring, 1000 grain weight, chalky, and dockages) show a significant difference between the improved and traditional methods for parboiled rice at the @=0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that threshing losses had an adverse effect on rice farmers' income and consequently recommended awareness campaigns and demonstrations on rice handling and postharvest loss prevention.
| Published in | International Journal of Agricultural Economics (Volume 8, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijae.20230802.11 |
| Page(s) | 48-67 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Agriculture, Rice, Postharvest, Farmers, Drying, Losses, Business, Traditional, Parboiling, Sierra Leone
| [1] | Sierra Leone (2017), Staple Food Market Fundamentals pdf. [Accessed on 7th November, 2022]. |
| [2] | Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics (FAOSTAT, 2012). [online] Available at http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx [Accessed on 8th November, 2022]. |
| [3] | Sierra Leone (2009), National Rice Development Strategy pdf. [Accessed on 11th November, 2022]. |
| [4] | Millennium Development Authority (MiDA, 2010), Investment opportunity in Ghana: Maize, rice, and soybean, Accra, Ghana: MiDA. |
| [5] | WARDA (2005) Rice, a strategic crop for Food Security and Poverty-Alleviation. www2.slu.se/cigar/CGIAR_WARDAppt |
| [6] | Buah, et al., (2013), Participatory evaluation of drought tolenrant maize varieties in the Guinea savanna of Ghana using mother and baby trial design. Journal of Science and Technology. 33-75-83. |
| [7] | Somado, E. A., & Berhe, T. (2008). Harvest and Post-Harvest Operations. Module 12. P 111-115. In E. A. Somado, R. G. Guei, & S. O. Kwya (Eds.), The New Rice for Africa A Compendium. (pp. 111-115). |
| [8] | Cnossen, A., & Siebenmorgen, T. J. (2000). The glass transition temperature concept in rice drying and tempering: Effect on milling quality. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 43, 1661–1667. |
| [9] | Siebenmorgen, T. J., Bautista, R. C., & Counce, P. A. (2007). Optimal harvest moisture content for maximizing milling quality of long and medium grain rice cultivars. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 23 (4), 517–527. |
| [10] | Obeng-Ofori, D. (2011). Protecting grain from insect pest infestations in Africa: producer perceptions and practices. Stewart Post-Harvest Revision, 7 (3), 1–15. |
| [11] | Hodges, R. J., Buzby, J. C., & Bennett, B. (2010). Postharvest losses and waste in developed and less developed countries: opportunities to improve resource use. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 149 (1), 37–45. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859610000936 |
| [12] | IFAD (2020), Republic of Sierra Leone Country Strategy and Programmed Evaluation. www.ifad.org/evaluation |
| [13] | WARDA, SAA, & FAO. (2008). NERICA: The New Rice for Africa – A compendium. (Somado, E. A., Guei, R. G. and Keya, S. O., eds). Africa Rice Center, Cotonou, Benin; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy; Sassakawa Africa Association, Tokyo, Japan., 2008. |
| [14] | WARDA. (2005). Rice, A Strategy Crop for Food Security and Poverty Alleviation. |
| [15] | FAO (2022), Forecast on Cereal Imports in Sierra Leone. https://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief |
| [16] | Agropedia. (2009). Botanical Classification of Rice. Http://agropedia.iitk. |
| [17] | FAO. (2013). FAO Rice Market Monitor (RMM). Volume, 16, Trade and Market Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, pp: 1-36. |
| [18] | Moldenhauer, K., & Slaton, N. (2001). 1 – Rice Growth and Development. Rice Production Handbook, University of Arkansas, 7-14. |
| [19] | Ranawake, A. L., Amarasinghe, U. G. S., & Senanayake, S. G. J. N. (2013). Determination of some agronomic characters in different age groups of traditional rice cultivars in Sri Lanka under fertilized and non-fertilized conditions. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development, 5 (5), 79–83. http://doi.org/10.5897/JABSD2013.0204. |
| [20] | Dunand, R., & Saichuk, J. (2009). Rice Growth and Development. In Louisiana Rice Production Handbook, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center (pp. 41–53). |
| [21] | Wayne, C. S., & Dilday, R. H. (2003). Rice: origin, history, technology, and production. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
| [22] | Norman, J. C., & Kebe, B. (2004). African smallholder farmers : rice production and sustainable livelihoods. Regional Perspectives, 33–64. |
| [23] | Kennedy, G., Burlingame, B., & Nguyen, V. N. (2003). Nutritional contribution of rice and impact of biotechnology and biodiversity in rice-consuming countries. In Proceedings of the 20th Session of the International Rice Commission Bangkok, Thailand, 23-26 July 2002. FAO. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y4751e/y4751e05.htm#bm05 |
| [24] | Pandey, S., Byerlee, D., Dawe, D., Dobermann, A., Mohanty, S., Rozelle, S., & Hardy, B. (2010). Rice in the global economy. Strategic Research and Policy Issues for Food Security. IRRI. |
| [25] | Sanint, L. R., Correa, V. F. J., & Izquerdo, J. (1998). Current situations and Issues on rice production in Latin America and the Carribean. |
| [26] | Tran, D. V. (2004). Rice Agriculture: prospects and strategies in Asia. Paper presented at the Workshop on Sustainable Use of Agricultural Resources and Environment Management with focus on the role of Rice Farming, Tokyo, Japan, 21-23 Jan. 2004. |
| [27] | United Nations. (2022). United Nations Development of Economic and Social Affairs, Population (2022). World Population Prospects 2022: Summary Results. UN-DESA/POP/2022/TR/NO.3. |
| [28] | Khush, G. S. (2005). What it will take to feed 5.0 Billion Rice Consumers in 2030. Plant MolBiol 59, 1-6 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-005-2159-5 |
| [29] | Berhe, T., & Mado, T. (2008). Promoting Rice “ From Plant to Plate ” For Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa : SG2000 Strategy. Rice Policy and Food Security in SubSaharan Africa, 29. |
| [30] | FAO. (2010b). The low and lower-middle-income countries in rice producing Asia are Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, DPR Korea, Lao PDR, Maldives,. |
| [31] | Defoer, T., Wopereis, M. C. S., Jones, M. P., Lancon, F., & Erenstein, O. (2003). Challenges, innovation and change: towards rice- based food security in sub-Saharan Africa. In Proceedings of the 20 th Session of the International Rice Commission Bangkok, Thailand, 23-26 July 2002. FAO. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y4751e/y4751e0p.htm#bm25.1 |
| [32] | Fagade, S. O. (2000). Yield gaps and Productivity decline in rice production in Nigeria. In Proceedings of the Expert Consultation on Yield Gap and Productivity Decline in Rice, 5-7 September 2000. FAO, Rome. |
| [33] | Seck, A. P. (2011). Rice Today: Feeding the world in 2050. International Rice Research Institute October-December 2011, 10 (4), 12–13. |
| [34] | Nwanze, K. F., Mohaptra, S., Kormawa, P., Shallemiah, K., & Bruce-Oliver, S. (2006). Building the capacity for farmer based organisation for sustainable rice farming in northern Ghana. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86, 675–677. |
| [35] | Abass, A. B., Ndunguru, G., Mamiro, P., Alenkhe, B., Mlingi, N., & Bekunda, M. (2014). Post-harvest food losses in a maize-based farming system of semi-arid savannah area of Tanzania. Journal of Stored Products Research, 57, 49–57. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2013.12.004 |
| [36] | Martins, A. G. (2013). Post - Harvets Loss in Tropical Soybean Systems: Brazillian Managers’ Perception and Mitigation Strategies: Two Manuscripts. |
| [37] | Alam, M. S., & Hossain, M. (2008). Farmers’ Perceptions on Yields gaps, Production Losses and Priority Research Problem areas in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, 21 (1&2), 21–38. |
| [38] | Takeshima, H., & Salau, S. (2010). Agricultural Mechanization and the Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria. |
| [39] | Appiah, F., Guisse, R., & Dartey, P. K. A. (2011). Post-harvest losses of rice from harvesting to milling in Ghana. Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 2 (4), 64–71. |
| [40] | Alizadeh, M. R., & Allameh, A. (2013). Evaluating rice losses in various harvesting practices. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4 (4), 894–901. |
| [41] | Asiedu, E., Kone, A., Konan, J. K., & Ramchander, S. (2011). CORAF / WECARD Staple Crops Programme Global Food Security Response Initiative: Training Manual for Improved Rice Postharvest Technologies in West Africa, 1–44. |
| [42] | Lantin, R. (1999). Rice: Post-harvest Operations. FAO. |
| [43] | Guisse, R. (2010). Postharvest losses of rice (ORYZAE SATIVA) from harvesting to milling: A case study in Besease and Nobewam in the Ejisu Juabeng District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. |
| [44] | Candia, A., Okurut, S., Komaketch, A., Saasa, A. R., & Mudusu, J. (2012). On-farm postharvest physical grain losses of “ Kaiso ” rice variety in Eastern Uganda. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 13 (1), 61–70. |
| [45] | FAO. (2007). Postharvest Loss Compenduim-database of Information on PHL for different Crop types. www.fao.org/inpho. |
| [46] | Kitinoja, L., & Gorny, J. R. (1999). Postharvest technology for small-scale produce marketers: economic opportunities, quality and food safety (No. University of California Postharvest Horticultural Series 21). |
| [47] | Goletti (2003), Current status and future challenges for the postharvest sector in developing countries. Acta Hort 628: 41-48. |
| [48] | Heyes JA (2003), Post-harvest action: the global postharvest forum. Acta Hort 628: 55-61. |
| [49] | De Padua, D. (1999). Grain Post Production Systems. |
| [50] | Boxall, R. A. (1986). A critical review of the methodology for assessing farm-level grain losses after harvest. |
| [51] | IRRI. (1997). Disappearing food, How big are the post-harvest losses. Retrieved from earthtrends. https://wri.org/features/view.feature.php.theme |
| [52] | World Bank, FAO, & NRI. (2011). Missing Food : The Case of Postharvest Grain Losses in Sub Saharan Africa. |
| [53] | Kader, A. A., & Rolle, R. S. (2004). The Role of post-harvest management in assuring the quality and safety of horticultural produce. FAO, UN, Rome. |
| [54] | Qin, G., & Siebenmorgen, T. J. (2005). Harvest Location and Moisture Content Effects on Rice Kernel-to-Kernel Breaking Force Distributions. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 21 (6), 1011–1016. |
| [55] | Lu, R., Siebenmorgen, T. J., Costello, T. A., & Jr, E. O. F. (1995). Effect of Rice Moisture Content at Harvest on Economic Return. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2 (5), 685–690. |
| [56] | Bautista, R. C., & Siebenmorgen, T. J. (2005). Individual Rice Kernel Moisture Content Variability Trends. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 21 (4), 637–643. |
| [57] | Khan, A. S., & Salim, M. (2005). Rice harvesting and threshing. Pakistan Journal of Food Science, 15 (1-2), 45–52. |
| [58] | Abebe, G. H., & Bekele, H. (2006). Farmers’ Post-Harvest Grain Management Choices under Liquidity Constraints and Impending Risks : Implications for Achieving Food Security Objectives in Ethiopia. |
| [59] | Bekele D (2021). Role of Postharvest Management for Food Security: A Review. ACST 9: 475. |
| [60] | Ofori Obeng Nketiah (2015). Estimation of Quantitative Losses of Rice (Oryzae Sativa L.) During Harvesting, Threshing and Cleaning in the Upper East Region: Case Study at Tono Irrigation Project Project. https://ugspace.ug.edu.gh |
| [61] | Akande, T., Cisse, Y., & Kormawa, P. (2007). Streamlining policies for enhancing rice production in Africa: past experiences, lessons learnt and the way forward. African Crop Science Journal, 15 (4), 223–235. |
| [62] | Abdul Salami Bah, Chernor Alpha U. Bah, Mohamed Francis Musa, Abdul Fataio Tandason, Daniel Rince George (2022). “The Effects of Microcredit on Agricultural Production among Small-Scale Farmers in Kori Chiefdom, Moyamba District, Southern Province, Sierra Leone”, published in International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET, Volume 6, Issue 8, pp 103-117, August 2022. Article DOI https://doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2022.608013 |
| [63] | Asiabaka, C. C., Morse, S., & Kenyon, L. (2002). The development, dissemination and adoption of technologies directed at improving availability of clean yam planting material in Nigeria and Ghana. |
| [64] | Coker, A. A. and Ninalowo, S. O. (2016), Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology Vol. 2 (3), pp. 27-34, April, 2016 ISSN: 2465-7522 Full Length Research Paper http://pearlresearchjournals.org/journals/jasft/index.html. |
| [65] | Mansuri, G., & Rao, V. (2004). Community-based and -driven development: A critical review. World Bank Research Observer, 19 (1), 1–39. |
| [66] | Babalola D. A., Makinde Y. O., Omonona B. T., & Oyekanmi M. O. (2010). Determinants of Postharvest Losses in tomato production: A case study of Imeko – Afon Local government area of Ogun state. Journal of Life and Physical Sciences Acta SATECH, 3 (2), 14-18. |
| [67] | Hazell, P., Poulton, C., Wiggins, S., & Dorward, A. (2010). The Future of Small Farms: Trajectories and Policy Priorities. World Development, 38 (10), 1349–1361. |
| [68] | Onoja, A. O., & Herbert, B. C. (2012). Econometric evaluation of rice profitability determinants in Kogi State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 4 (5), 107–114. http://doi.org/10.5897/JAERD11.071 |
APA Style
Abdul Fataio Tandason, Abdul Salami Bah, Daniel Rince George, Mohamed Francis Musa, Hamid Mustapha Sheriff. (2023). Assessing Post-Harvest Losses of Rice Processing at Agricultural Business Centers (ABCs) in Rice Production in Sierra Leone. International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 8(2), 48-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20230802.11
ACS Style
Abdul Fataio Tandason; Abdul Salami Bah; Daniel Rince George; Mohamed Francis Musa; Hamid Mustapha Sheriff. Assessing Post-Harvest Losses of Rice Processing at Agricultural Business Centers (ABCs) in Rice Production in Sierra Leone. Int. J. Agric. Econ. 2023, 8(2), 48-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20230802.11
AMA Style
Abdul Fataio Tandason, Abdul Salami Bah, Daniel Rince George, Mohamed Francis Musa, Hamid Mustapha Sheriff. Assessing Post-Harvest Losses of Rice Processing at Agricultural Business Centers (ABCs) in Rice Production in Sierra Leone. Int J Agric Econ. 2023;8(2):48-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20230802.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijae.20230802.11,
author = {Abdul Fataio Tandason and Abdul Salami Bah and Daniel Rince George and Mohamed Francis Musa and Hamid Mustapha Sheriff},
title = {Assessing Post-Harvest Losses of Rice Processing at Agricultural Business Centers (ABCs) in Rice Production in Sierra Leone},
journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Economics},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {48-67},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijae.20230802.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20230802.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijae.20230802.11},
abstract = {The majority of Sierra Leoneans consume rice as their primary staple food every day. The most significant staple crop worldwide and in Sierra Leone is rice (Oryzae sativa L.), which provides nourishment for about half of the world's population. The goal of this research is to quantify post-harvest losses in rice processing at agriculture business centers (ABCs). The research experiment was carried out at eight selected functioning Agriculture Business Centers (ABCs) in eight districts across Sierra Leone. An assessment was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and farmers’ awareness of post-harvest losses from harvesting to milling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from two hundred and thirty-two (232) rice farmers who were selected through a combination of multi-stage, purposive, and simple random sampling techniques. Yemen's (1967) scientific formula was adopted in selecting the sample size. Data analysis was undertaken using descriptive statistical tools for a phased estimation of postharvest losses. The study areas were found to be dominated by females; only 84 (36%) were males. The data showed that 92 (39.7%) of the farmers had no formal education in the research areas; the majority (63%) of the rice farmers cultivated between 1 and 3 hectares; and 98 (42.2%) had farming experience between 10 and 14 years. According to the findings, the majority of respondents (80%) believe that postharvest losses are excessive. From the results, threshing losses account for the peak of 26%, which is 0.26 kg; 92.7 percent of the respondents revealed that a lack of harvesting equipment is the main challenge; and 41.8 percent of the respondents have a strong belief that the problems of postharvest losses of rice can be significantly reduced through mechanization. The results revealed that drying losses vary significantly between parboiling methods. The values obtained for milling are different for both, but they are not significant. The values obtained from the grain quality parameters (head grain, fissuring, 1000 grain weight, chalky, and dockages) show a significant difference between the improved and traditional methods for parboiled rice at the @=0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that threshing losses had an adverse effect on rice farmers' income and consequently recommended awareness campaigns and demonstrations on rice handling and postharvest loss prevention.},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing Post-Harvest Losses of Rice Processing at Agricultural Business Centers (ABCs) in Rice Production in Sierra Leone AU - Abdul Fataio Tandason AU - Abdul Salami Bah AU - Daniel Rince George AU - Mohamed Francis Musa AU - Hamid Mustapha Sheriff Y1 - 2023/03/21 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20230802.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijae.20230802.11 T2 - International Journal of Agricultural Economics JF - International Journal of Agricultural Economics JO - International Journal of Agricultural Economics SP - 48 EP - 67 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-3843 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20230802.11 AB - The majority of Sierra Leoneans consume rice as their primary staple food every day. The most significant staple crop worldwide and in Sierra Leone is rice (Oryzae sativa L.), which provides nourishment for about half of the world's population. The goal of this research is to quantify post-harvest losses in rice processing at agriculture business centers (ABCs). The research experiment was carried out at eight selected functioning Agriculture Business Centers (ABCs) in eight districts across Sierra Leone. An assessment was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and farmers’ awareness of post-harvest losses from harvesting to milling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from two hundred and thirty-two (232) rice farmers who were selected through a combination of multi-stage, purposive, and simple random sampling techniques. Yemen's (1967) scientific formula was adopted in selecting the sample size. Data analysis was undertaken using descriptive statistical tools for a phased estimation of postharvest losses. The study areas were found to be dominated by females; only 84 (36%) were males. The data showed that 92 (39.7%) of the farmers had no formal education in the research areas; the majority (63%) of the rice farmers cultivated between 1 and 3 hectares; and 98 (42.2%) had farming experience between 10 and 14 years. According to the findings, the majority of respondents (80%) believe that postharvest losses are excessive. From the results, threshing losses account for the peak of 26%, which is 0.26 kg; 92.7 percent of the respondents revealed that a lack of harvesting equipment is the main challenge; and 41.8 percent of the respondents have a strong belief that the problems of postharvest losses of rice can be significantly reduced through mechanization. The results revealed that drying losses vary significantly between parboiling methods. The values obtained for milling are different for both, but they are not significant. The values obtained from the grain quality parameters (head grain, fissuring, 1000 grain weight, chalky, and dockages) show a significant difference between the improved and traditional methods for parboiled rice at the @=0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that threshing losses had an adverse effect on rice farmers' income and consequently recommended awareness campaigns and demonstrations on rice handling and postharvest loss prevention. VL - 8 IS - 2 ER -
Email: